PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) instruments have a rich history of the inclusion of embedded strategies to identify invalidating response stylessuch as non-responding. Limitations included co-morbidity in some participant groups and the relatively narrow range of psychopathology in undergraduate participants. Validity was supported in 2 ways: high loadings in confirmatory factor models based on the 3 psychiatric categories and medium to large effect sizes in discriminating between relevant disordered groups and normative groups. Participants included 2 groups of forensic clients (n=138 and 78), college undergraduates (n=100), and previously reported data on larger groups of participants. The present article reports 2 studies that assessed the validity of test scores from each scale for their intended purpose. The 3 Higher Order (HO) scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form and the 3 core clinical scales of the Psychological Screening Inventory/Psychological Screening Inventory-2 were developed to broadly represent the 3 traditional psychiatric categories of mental disorder: major psychiatric disorder ("psychotic"), general psychological distress ("neurotic"), and significant antisocial characteristics ("character disorder").
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